M249 Saw Caliber - The M249 Squad Automatic Weapon, or SAW, is a self-propelled, gas-fired, belt-fed automatic weapon or light-barreled automatic rifle with an attached chamber and quick-release barrel. The M249 uses the indicator at 800 meters, equipped with the NATO-standard 5.56mm improved gram. The SAW is the basic fire engine for the fire brigade. The gun has the option of using M16 30-round magazines or bullets from pre-loaded 200-round plastic magazines.
The SAW was developed through an initial Army-led development and development effort and later a joint NDO program in the late 1970s and early 1980s. restores automatic and accurate fire for the firefighter and crew. When introduced in the mid-1980s, the SAW was issued as a one-for-one replacement for the "automatic rifle" (M16A1) in the Fire Team.
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In this case, the SAW filled the gap created by the retirement of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) in the 1950s because temporary special weapons (e.g. M-14E2 / M16A1) could not be weapon "basic fire". Early in the SAW's deployment, the Army identified the need for a Product Improvement Program (PIP) to improve the weapon. This effort resulted in a "PIP kit" that replaces the barrel, front end, stock, trigger guard, emergency stop, and sights.
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The M249 is manufactured in the United States by a subsidiary of FN Manufacturing LLC, a company in Columbia, South Carolina, and is widely used in the United States Armed Forces. The weapon was introduced in 1984 after being judged to be the most effective (compared to many other weapons) in addressing the lack of firepower in small units. The M249 provides combat forces with a high rate of firepower, along with the accuracy and portability of a rifle.
The M249 is gas-operated and air-cooled, has a quick-change barrel (allows the gunner to quickly replace an overheated barrel or bolt) and a tube. folding attachment to front of weapon (tripod M192 LGM also available) . ). The SAW can be fed from contact cartridges and STANAG magazines (such as those used in the M16 and M4), allowing the SAW to be operated by as a source of bullets when there are no bands. However, STANAG magazines should be used in emergencies due to their high failure rate.
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M249s have seen action in major conflicts involving the United States since the US invasion of Panama in 1989. In 2009, the US Marine Corps selected the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle to replace part of the M249 in USMC service.
In 1965, the first rifles for the US Army and US Marine Corps were the M2 Browning and the M60. The M2 is a heavy machine gun, usually mounted on vehicles or mounted equipment.
The M60 is a more portable machine gun, intended to be carried by troops to provide heavy fire.
Both guns are very heavy and usually require a crew of at least two to operate properly.
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The Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), the Army's first rifle since its introduction in World War I, was discontinued in 1957 with the introduction of the M14 rifle (which has a fully automatic system ).
The "Competitors" in each team were instructed to use their weapons on full automatic setting, while other teams were required to use semi automatic. -automatic mode of their guns many times to increase accuracy and save shots.
Since the M14 and M16 rifles were not designed with automatic fire in mind, they are usually heated or loaded.
The 20- and 30-round magazines in these weapons limit their automatic utility when compared to belt-fed weapons.
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The Army decided that a single rifle, lighter than the M60, but more powerful than the M16, would work; forces no longer rely on guns for center fire.
In the 1960s, many studies investigated the introduction of a machine gun into the military.
Although there was a brief experiment with the idea of a special machine to launch arrows or steel during one experiment, most of the machine models are based on the Stoner 63 light machine gun, a weapon Specially it can be easily changed for different purposes.
The Stoner 63 LMG saw combat briefly in Vietnam with the Marine Corps and later, on a larger scale, with the US Navy SEALs.
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In 1968, the Army Small Arms Program developed plans for a new 5.56mm caliber LMG, although no funding was provided (many military personnel considered the 5.56mm ammunition to be ineffective ). Research began on the improvement of 5.56mm bullets, with good characteristics.
In July 1970, the US Army approved the development of an LMG, without any special designation. At this time, the option "Squad Automatic Weapon" (SAW) was introduced.
The actual design of other cartridges for the LMG did not begin until July 1971. A month later, Frankford Arsal settled on two designs for the new LMG: a 6mm cartridge and a new 5.56mm cartridge. and a bigger box.
No design was finalized until March 1972, when the Army issued the specification sheet for the proposed SAW.
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Prior to July 1972, SAW development contracts were awarded to Maremont, Philco Ford, and Rodman Laboratory at Rock Island Arsal. These companies produced models under the name of the Army XM233, XM234, and XM235, respectively, "model" X. The models must have a weight of less than 9.07 kg (20 lb ), consisting of 200 rounds of ammunition, and a distance of at least 800 meters (2,600 ft).
The Minimi model was submitted to the US Infantry Board for evaluation, before receiving its XM249 designation.
When it came time for the implementation and development of tests of SAW candidates, three 5.56mm weapons were included and a 6mm candidate: the M16 HBAR, a heavy variant of the M16 designed for expansion guns; the Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) Minimi; and the HK 23A1. The first round of tests was completed in December 1974.
In February 1976 Minimi and Rodman XM235 SAW were selected for further development. At this time, the sights of the 6mm cartridge have become bitter due to the use of other types of ammunition.
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In June, there was a request to revise the SAW data sheet to emphasize the standard 5.56mm bullet. In October, the requested revisions were approved and bids were requested for the conversion of the Rodman XM235 to 5.56mm. Production of the converted XM235 was given to Ford Aerospace and was renamed the XM248.
A new variant of the M16 HBAR, the XM106, was developed in 1978, and soon after, Heckler & Koch was forced to include a 5.56mm version of their HK 21A1 (instead of the standard 7.62mm NATO ammunition) where it was built. ) in future SAW tests. . The final model was named XM262. At that time, the Mini received the name XM249.
In May 1980, the FN XM249 was chosen as the best choice for future development based on performance and cost, while the HK XM262 came second.
The new barrel entered the US Army as the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon in 1984 and was adopted by the US Marine Corps a year later. The US production model has a different rear end than the regular Mini.
M249 Squad Automatic Weapon
Although it was found to be reliable and accurate, the M249 was found to present unacceptable risks in the form of a hot exposed barrel and sharp edges. There were complaints that the front sight required special tools for adjustments. On August 23, 1985, in-U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Army James R. Ambrose temporarily halted production of the M249 for development
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