M240 Vs M249 - "M240" redirects here. For the Israeli Jeep classification, see AIL Storm. For the Leica M 240 camera, see Leica M (Type 240). For Russian mortars, see M240 240 mm mortar.
M240 - officially machine gun, 7.62 mm, M240 - is the US military designation for FN MAG,
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The M240 has been in use by the US Armed Forces since the late 1970s. It is used extensively by the infantry, mainly by rifle companies, as well as ground vehicles, boats, and aircraft. Although it is heavier than some similar weapons, it is widely considered reliable and standardized by NATO members is a great advantage.
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All variants are belt fed and are capable of firing most types of 7.62mm NATO (.30/.308 cal) ammunition. The M240 variant can be converted to use non-destructive belts. There are significant differences in weight and features between some brands that limit the interchangeability of components. The M240s currently in use by the US military are manufactured by FN America, the US subsidiary of the Belgian company FN Herstal.
The M240B and M240G are typically fired from bipods, tripods, or combinations; In terms of tripod use, the US Army mostly uses the M192 light ground mount, while the US Marine Corps uses the M122A1 tripod, which is a slightly upgraded M2 tripod.
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Manufactured by the Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal, the FN MAG was selected by the US Army for various roles after extensive research and competition around the world. The MAG is a belt-fed, gas-powered, air-cooled, crew-served, general-purpose machine gun. Its versatility is demonstrated by its ability to fire effectively from a dual-bipod combination, mounted on a tripod, from land vehicles, water and aircraft.
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It was first adopted by the US Army in 1977, as a coaxial tank gun, and was gradually adopted in many applications in the 1980s and 1990s. The M240 and M240E1 are approved for use in vehicles. This has led to increased usage, especially in the Army and Navy. Although it has many of the same basic features as its predecessor, the robustness of the MAG system results in higher reliability than the M60. The MAG actually has a more complex gas system than the M60, but it offers better reliability along with lower maintenance requirements, although this comes at a higher production cost and weight.
Compared to other submachine guns, its rating of 26,000 mean rounds between failure (MRBF) is very high for its weight - in the 1970s when it was first adopted, it reached about 7,000 MRBF. It's not as reliable as some of the older, heavier designs, but it's reliable for its size.
American adoption of the MAG dates back to the late 1960s and early 1970s as a project to procure a new coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun to replace the used M73 and M219 machine guns.
A number of designs for the duration of different countries were considered; The final two candidates are the M60E2 and the FN MAG, which are heavily tested against the larger M219 in comparison.
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Two important criteria analyzed were "median downtime" (MRBS, defects that can be cleared in minutes) and "median failure" (MRBF, ie component breakage). The results of the machine gun evaluation were as follows.
The MAG itself has gone through evolutions and the M60E2 is its own variant that stands out from the rest. The quality of the M60 variants is very different, such as between the M60E4 and the M60C. The clear winner was the MAG, designated the M240 in 1977 after an Army competition.
The M240 was adopted as the standard machine gun by the US Army in 1977. The M240 and M240E1 were also adopted by the Navy for use on vehicles such as the LAV-25. It replaced many of the earlier models of submachine guns in the 1980s. US Navy Special Forces continue to use the "CAR-60" (M60E3) version of the M60 machine gun due to its light weight and slow rate of fire, which allows for a longer effective range. of fire with the permitted levels of lead.
The M240 became so popular that later infantry adaptations were made, such as the M240G and M240B. The USMC adopted the M240G in this role in 1991, replacing not only the original M60s used by the Navy, but also the upgraded M60E3 that the Marines began using in the 1980s. In the late 1990s, the Army adopted the M240B for the infantry role - they considered the M60E4, which (although lighter and cheaper) did not offer the same performance as the M240, other FN MAG users in NATO, or the USMC. .
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The different versions of the M240 have not completely replaced all the versions of the M60, although they contain most of the applications and major roles. The M60 is still, in some cases, used by the Navy.
As of March 2022, the US Army has ordered the M240 6.8×51mm submachine gun to be modified from the 7.62×51mm NATO chambered M240B and M240L to fire the 6.8×51mm ammunition.
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The weapon is fired from the bolt position, which means the bolt is rear mounted and only moves forward when firing a round. The firing pin is stationary and the powder revolves around the firing pin, bypassing any need for a hammer. The sea is used to time the internal mechanisms of the weapon to provide a constant rate of fire, ensuring proper operation and accuracy.
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The M1 Abrams tank is equipped with an M2 Browning tank, a 50 caliber gun on the right side of the tank, and an M240 ammunition loader on the left side of the tank. A second M240 is mounted vertically in the main gun
The fire rate can be controlled with three settings of the gas dispersion guides. The first setting allows the weapon to rotate 650-750 rounds per minute, the second setting is 750-850 rounds per minute, and the third setting is 850-950 rounds per minute.
These settings are changed by loosening the barrel, removing the gas control collar and turning the gas regulator to allow more or less gas to pass through the weapon system. In fact it is only done when it is necessary to put the gun back to work after the dirt has caused a slow process and there is no time to properly clean the gun.
The barrel can be changed quickly thanks to the barrel release button on the left side of the weapon. The weapon is first cleared and then the button is pressed, while the barrel is moved from the right side of the weapon to the hand, unlocking the device. At this point, the button is released and the barrel is pulled from the receiver to the side. The new barrel is inserted into the carrier and the handle is turned to the right, depending on the location.
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During long firings, barrels can become so hot that they immediately cause second-degree burns without noticeable variation.
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The manufacturer's designation of the weapon is MAG 58. The M240 conforms to the FN MAG-58 specification, allowing parts to be interchanged with other standard MAG-58s.
This has significant benefits in training, logistical support, technical expertise, and joint operations. For example, an American unit attached to British forces could bring replacement parts for GPMG L7s and vice versa.
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The M240 is configured as a coaxial gun for tanks and 7.62mm fire on light armored vehicles.
The M240 is a secondary weapon of the US Army's M1-series Abrams tanks, the M2/M3 Bradley Fighter Series, and the Marine Corps' LAV-25 series.
The M240E1 is the USMC version of the original M240 coaxial/pivot mounted machine gun used on vehicles such as the LAV-25. It can also be fitted with a spade grip for flexible use, such as the M240D.
The M240C is the right-handed variant of the original (attached to the main gun) M240, and is identical to the M240 except for the bullet cover and feed tray. It has a right hand feed for use on the M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle and the LAV as a coaxial machine gun. It was left to feed the M1 Abrams tanks and other types of M1 (M1A1, M1A2, M1A2 SEP). The M240C instead uses a charging cable
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